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# Código fuente LuCAS V3
# Copyright (C) 1999 Hispalinux / Juan J. Amor / Ismael Olea
# Programa bajo la proteccion de GPL 2.0
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# $Id: cursos.wml,v 1.27 2004/04/05 02:26:14 ldipenti Exp $
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#use wml::std::tags
#use wml::fmt::isolatin
#use wml::fmt::url
Este proyecto consiste en la realización de una serie de manuales aptos para el dictado de clases sobre el sistema GNU/Linux. ¿Qué diferencias tienen estos manuales a los que ya existen?, el ser diseñados específicamente para el dictado de clases significa que no sólo se han de desarrollar los contenidos de cada manual, sino también ejercitación en cada tema, y otra documentación para asistir al docente (ej: estrategias de interacción con los alumnos, para dinamizar la clase, guía de temas a dar por clase, ejercitación práctica, etc.)
En un principio el proyecto tenía como objetivo la generación de 5 manuales para diferentes niveles de cursos, pero pronto nos dimos cuenta que los requerimientos de cursos varían muchísimo de caso en caso, es por eso que ideamos el sistema de porciones, que nos permite personalizar los cursos.
En la actualidad estamos migrando todo el material a DocBook, un formato de documentación estructurada que nos hará la vida mas fácil a la hora de generar nueva documentación. Esto supone una gran cantidad de trabajo, y cuanto mas ayuda tengamos, tanto mejor!
Luego de haber logrado casi terminar el primer curso (básico) y empezado el segundo, nos encontramos con el problema de que necesitábamos armar cursos de distintas características a los que ya estaban hechos. Éstos variaban en tamaño y nivel de los distintos temas y la solución inmediata que veíamos era la de copiar y pegar parte del material generado por el proyecto en los nuevos cursos.
Obviamente, esto no era una buena solución, ya que se generaba duplicación de material, y por lo tanto, desactualización de los cursos nuevos ya que los agregados y correcciones se hacían en los cursos originales. Además de esto, el copiar y pegar pedazos de texto era algo totalmente incómodo y tedioso.
De esta experiencia, nació la idea del sistema de porciones, ¿porciones de qué? de documentación. Podemos pensar en cada porción como un componente de documentación, que se puede combinar con otras porciones para generar un documento completo. Este concepto los programadores ya lo conocemos, los componentes de software han sido desarrollados con la misma idea. Lo bueno de tener el material componentizado es que los problemas anteriormente mencionados se solucionan: las porciones se mantienen en un repositorio centralizado, de tal manera que las correcciones y agregados puedan ser aprovechados por todos, y además la generación de cursos personalizados es increiblemente fácil de hacer, tanto que estamos desarrollando un sistema en web que lo hace.
Básicamente las porciones son archivos conteniendo un tema específico, por ejemplo «Uso y configuración de pine». Las porciones son combinadas mediante un archivo que llamados esqueleto, que incluirá cada archivo de porción para que al procesarlo, el documento resultante sea el conjunto de porciones seleccionadas, en el orden requerido.
Las porciones actualmente son escritas en DocBook, pero no conforman por si mismas un documento completo. De todas maneras estamos desarrollando utilidades que nos permiten validar estos documentos parciales para poder trabajar cómodamente.
El sistema de porciones nos trae soluciones, pero también algunos problemas inherentes a esta nueva forma de generar documentación: debemos resolver las referencias cruzadas entre porciones, por ejemplo. Esto lo iremos solucionando a medida que terminemos la migración de las porciones existentes en LaTeX (¡que son muchas!), si estás dispuesto a ayudar, el no saber no es un limitante, tenemos una lista de correo donde te podremos guiar.
A medida que el grupo de trabajo crece, se hace muy necesaria la formalización de algún tipo de sistema organizativo de manera de no hacer perder el escaso tiempo libre que los colaboradores invertimos en el proyecto. Esta problemática es común a cualquier grupo de trabajo y es por eso que tenemos a disposición un sistema de reportes de tareas, llamado Bugzilla. Este sistema originalmente fue desarrollado por el equipo de Mozilla, para llevar el control de los errores de este fabuloso navegador de páginas web, y los amigos de HispaLinux lo han instalado para que nos organicemos mejor.
Básicamente Bugzilla consiste en un sistema de administración de reportes y productos. Los tipos de reportes varían entre: errores a corregir, tareas de migración, redacción de documentación, etc. Dichos reportes se asignan a un producto específico, como por ejemplo «Página Web», «Sistema de facturación», «Documentación», etc. Nuestro proyecto tiene asignado un producto en Bugzilla, llamado doc-proyecto-cursos.
Todas las tareas pendientes las registramos en Bugzilla de tal manera que sepamos en cada momento el estado del proyecto, donde hace falta trabajar, y donde se están retrasando los trabajos asignados, en fin, esta herramienta nos facilita enormemente la organización interna.
Para ampliar mas sobre Bugzilla, puedes leer aquí.
Si estás con ganas y tiempo de colaborar en este proyecto, ¡no hay excusas para no hacerlo!, todo lo pendiente lo puedes ver en nuestra sección del Bugzilla.
Si necesitas buscar sobre los reportes en el Bugzilla, lo puedes hacer aquí.
Además de Bugzilla, utilizamos otras dos herramientas muy valiosas para nuestro trabajo: una lista de correo y un repositorio CVS. Si no conoces que es un CVS, te recomiendo que leas esta rápida introducción.
La lista de correo la utilizamos para todo lo que sea organización interna del grupo, es imprescindible que te suscribas a ella para ponerte en contacto con nosotros. También puedes leer los mensajes anteriores para irte enterando cómo es nuestra mecánica de trabajo.
El CVS es la herramienta necesaria para acceder a los archivos del proyecto. Cada colaborador requiere de una cuenta personal en el servidor para agregar y/o modificar el contenido de los archivos, pero cualquiera puede descargar los archivos anónimamente, esto se explica aquí. Puedes ver la actividad del proyecto en el CVS desde aquí.
Si necesitas una cuenta personal en el CVS, sólo tienes que pedirla en el Bugzilla. Hay que estar registrado en el Bugzilla antes de poder generar reportes, pero no te preocupes que no es un proceso difícil, lo puedes hacer aquí. Cuando pidas la cuenta en el CVS te pedirán una contraseña, que debes generar con el siguiente comando desde GNU/Linux:
perl -e 'printf("%s\n",crypt("TU CLAVE","FA"));'Este comando generará una cadena de texto con tu clave cifrada, debe enviarle esa cadena al administrador del CVS. Para una referencia mucho más completa sobre cómo colaborar con TLDP-ES, puedes leer la sección «Cómo participar en TLDP-ES».
Si deseas aportar material al proyecto, no es
imprescindible que poseas cuenta en el servidor, sólo
ponte en contacto con alguno de los coordinadores del
proyecto:
En cuanto terminemos con la migración de las porciones al nuevo formato, presentaremos aquí una serie de cursos estándares para que puedas descargar.
Como parte del proyecto, y aprovechando la flexibilidad del sistema de porciones, estamos desarrollando un sistema en web para la generación de cursos personalizados. Por ahora la idea es elegir los temas y porciones que el curso incluirá, y el sistema genera automáticamente el archivo esqueleto correspondiente, que luego se utilizará junto con los archivos obtenidos del CVS para generar el curso en formato PS o PDF. Actualmente no tenemos el sistema totalmente depurado y probado. Además hemos desarrollado una herramienta gráfica para el armado de cursos, que está en un estado usable, y se incluye en el repositorio CVS del proyecto.
#include 'Ipie.wml' A much more important factor in the social movement than those already mentioned was the ever-increasing influence of women. This probably stood at the lowest point to which it has ever fallen, during the classic age of Greek life and thought. In the history of Thucydides, so far as it forms a connected series of events, four times only during a period of nearly seventy years does a woman cross the scene. In each instance her apparition only lasts for a moment. In three of the four instances she is a queen or a princess, and belongs either to the half-barbarous kingdoms of northern Hellas or to wholly barbarous Thrace. In the one remaining instance208¡ª that of the woman who helps some of the trapped Thebans to make their escape from Plataea¡ªwhile her deed of mercy will live for ever, her name is for ever lost.319 But no sooner did philosophy abandon physics for ethics and religion than the importance of those subjects to women was perceived, first by Socrates, and after him by Xenophon and Plato. Women are said to have attended Plato¡¯s lectures disguised as men. Women formed part of the circle which gathered round Epicurus in his suburban retreat. Others aspired not only to learn but to teach. Ar¨ºt¨º, the daughter of Aristippus, handed on the Cyrenaic doctrine to her son, the younger Aristippus. Hipparchia, the wife of Crates the Cynic, earned a place among the representatives of his school. But all these were exceptions; some of them belonged to the class of Hetaerae; and philosophy, although it might address itself to them, remained unaffected by their influence. The case was widely different in Rome, where women were far more highly honoured than in Greece;320 and even if the prominent part assigned to them in the legendary history of the city be a proof, among others, of its untrustworthiness, still that such stories should be thought worth inventing and preserving is an indirect proof of the extent to which feminine influence prevailed. With the loss of political liberty, their importance, as always happens at such a conjuncture, was considerably increased. Under a personal government there is far more scope for intrigue than where law is king; and as intriguers women are at least the209 equals of men. Moreover, they profited fully by the levelling tendencies of the age. One great service of the imperial jurisconsults was to remove some of the disabilities under which women formerly suffered. According to the old law, they were placed under male guardianship through their whole life, but this restraint was first reduced to a legal fiction by compelling the guardian to do what they wished, and at last it was entirely abolished. Their powers both of inheritance and bequest were extended; they frequently possessed immense wealth; and their wealth was sometimes expended for purposes of public munificence. Their social freedom seems to have been unlimited, and they formed combinations among themselves which probably served to increase their general influence.321 The old religions of Greece and Italy were essentially oracular. While inculcating the existence of supernatural beings, and prescribing the modes according to which such beings were to be worshipped, they paid most attention to the interpretation of the signs by which either future events in general, or the consequences of particular actions, were supposed to be divinely revealed. Of these intimations, some were given to the whole world, so that he who ran might read, others were reserved for certain favoured localities, and only communicated through the appointed ministers of the god. The Delphic oracle in particular enjoyed an enormous reputation both among Greeks and barbarians for guidance afforded under the latter conditions; and during a considerable period it may even be said to have directed the course of Hellenic civilisation. It was also under this form that supernatural religion suffered most injury from the great intellectual movement which followed the Persian wars. Men who had learned to study the constant sequences of Nature for themselves, and to shape their conduct according to fixed principles of prudence or of justice, either thought it irreverent to trouble the god about questions on which they were competent to form an opinion for themselves, or did not choose to place a well-considered scheme at the mercy of his possibly interested responses. That such a revolution occurred about the middle of the fifth century B.C., seems proved by the great change of tone in reference to this subject which one perceives on passing from Aeschylus to Sophocles. That anyone should question the veracity of an oracle is a supposition which never crosses the mind of the elder dramatist. A knowledge of augury counts among the greatest benefits222 conferred by Prometheus on mankind, and the Titan brings Zeus himself to terms by his acquaintance with the secrets of destiny. Sophocles, on the other hand, evidently has to deal with a sceptical generation, despising prophecies and needing to be warned of the fearful consequences brought about by neglecting their injunctions. The stranger had a pleasant, round face, with eyes that twinkled in spite of the creases around them that showed worry. No wonder he was worried, Sandy thought: having deserted the craft they had foiled in its attempt to get the gems, the man had returned from some short foray to discover his craft replaced by another. ¡°Thanks,¡± Dick retorted, without smiling. When they reached him, in the dying glow of the flashlight Dick trained on a body lying in a heap, they identified the man who had been warned by his gypsy fortune teller to ¡°look out for a hidden enemy.¡± He was lying at full length in the mould and leaves. "But that is sport," she answered carelessly. On the retirement of Townshend, Walpole reigned supreme and without a rival in the Cabinet. Henry Pelham was made Secretary at War; Compton Earl of Wilmington Privy Seal. He left foreign affairs chiefly to Stanhope, now Lord Harrington, and to the Duke of Newcastle, impressing on them by all means to avoid quarrels with foreign Powers, and maintain the blessings of peace. With all the faults of Walpole, this was the praise of his political system, which system, on the meeting of Parliament in the spring of 1731, was violently attacked by Wyndham and Pulteney, on the plea that we were making ruinous treaties, and sacrificing British interests, in order to benefit Hanover, the eternal millstone round the neck of England. Pulteney and Bolingbroke carried the same attack into the pages of The Craftsman, but they failed to move Walpole, or to shake his power. The English Government, instead of treating Wilkes with a dignified indifference, was weak enough to show how deeply it was touched by him, dismissed him from his commission of Colonel of the Buckinghamshire Militia, and treated Lord Temple as an abettor of his, by depriving him of the Lord-Lieutenancy of the same county, and striking his name from the list of Privy Councillors, giving the Lord-Lieutenancy to Dashwood, now Lord Le Despencer. "I tell you what I'll do," said the Deacon, after a little consideration. "I feel as if both Si and you kin stand a little more'n you had yesterday. I'll cook two to-day. We'll send a big cupful over to Capt. McGillicuddy. That'll leave us two for to-morrer. After that we'll have to trust to Providence." "Indeed you won't," said the Surgeon decisively. "You'll go straight home, and stay there until you are well. You won't be fit for duty for at least a month yet, if then. If you went out into camp now you would have a relapse, and be dead inside of a week. The country between here and Chattanooga is dotted with the graves of men who have been sent back to the front too soon." "Adone do wud that¡ªthough you sound more as if you wur in a black temper wud me than as if you pitied me." "Wot about this gal he's married?" "Don't come any further." "Davy, it 'ud be cruel of us to go and leave him." "Insolent priest!" interrupted De Boteler, "do you dare to justify what you have done? Now, by my faith, if you had with proper humility acknowledged your fault and sued for pardon¡ªpardon you should have had. But now, you leave this castle instantly. I will teach you that De Boteler will yet be master of his own house, and his own vassals. And here I swear (and the baron of Sudley uttered an imprecation) that, for your meddling knavery, no priest or monk shall ever again abide here. If the varlets want to shrieve, they can go to the Abbey; and if they want to hear mass, a priest can come from Winchcombe. But never shall another of your meddling fraternity abide at Sudley while Roland de Boteler is its lord." "My lord," said Edith, in her defence, "this woman has sworn falsely. The medicine I gave was a sovereign remedy, if given as I ordered. Ten drops would have saved the child's life; but the contents of the phial destroyed it. The words I uttered were prayers for the life of the child. My children, and all who know me, can bear witness that I have a custom of asking His blessing upon all I take in hand. I raised my eyes towards heaven, and muttered words; but, my lord, they were words of prayer¡ªand I looked up as I prayed, to the footstool of the Lord. But it is in vain to contend: the malice of the wicked will triumph, and Edith Holgrave, who even in thought never harmed one of God's creatures, must be sacrificed to cover the guilt, or hide the thoughtlessness of another." "Aye, Sir Treasurer, thou hast reason to sink thy head! Thy odious poll-tax has mingled vengeance¡ªnay, blood¡ªwith the cry of the bond." HoME¹ÅÒ»¼¶Ã«Æ¬Ãâ·Ñ¹Û¿´ ENTER NUMBET 0017