Fortran 90 tutorials
********************
This review is limited to practical details, e.g. length, format etc,
no attempt was made to evaluate the tutorials, all of them are useful
and interesting and should be given a try by someone who wishes to
learn the language.
The tutorials are listed here in no particular order.
Michael Metcalf's Fortran 90 CNL Articles
-----------------------------------------
Author: Michael Metcalf
Format: HTML
Size: 9 short and readable articles
URL: Click here
Contents:
o Language Elements
o Expressions and assignments
o Control statements, units and procedures
o Arguments, interface blocks and recursion
o Array handling
o Pointers
o Specification statements
o Intrinsic procedures
These well-known articles are based on the author's book:
M. Metcalf and J. Reid,
Fortran 90/95 Explained,
Oxford, 1996
Introduction to Fortran 90 Programming Workshop presented
by the Albuquerque High Performance Computing Center
-----------------------------------------------------------
Authors:
Dr. Brian T. Smith, Principal Investigator for the UNM Maui Project
Ward Deng, AHPCC Research Assistant (Civil Engr.)
Amy Stevenson, AHPCC Research Assistant (Physics)
Jim Warsa, AHPCC Research Assistant (Chemical and Nuclear Engr.)
Format: HTML
Size: 12 files, about 70KB total
Contents:
o Introduction
o Important Features of Fortran 90
o Fortran 90 Source Programs
o Data Specifications and Operations
o Control Statements
o Arrays
o Program Units
o Software and Environments
o Examples
o Epilogue
URL: Click here
Tutorial by Zane Dodson
-----------------------
Author: Zane Dodson
Computer Science Department
University of New Mexico
Email: dzdod@cs.unm.edu
Written under support from the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG).
(and also supported indirectly by the NSF), under the direction
of (and many helpful comments from) Dr. Brian Smith.
Format: PostScript (LaTex source also available)
Size: 51 (?) printed pages
Contents:
1. Survey of the New Fortran Standard
New Source Form
Array Processing
Modules
Derived Types and Generic Functions
Pointers and Dynamic Data Structures
Parameterized Data Types
Numerical Inquiry and Manipulation Functions
2. Examples and Exercises
Getting Started
Basic Fortran Programs
Internal Subprograms
Arrays
Modules
Interfaces and Generic Subprograms
Recursive Subprograms
Dynamic Data Structures
Optional and Keyword Arguments
Achieving Portability
3. Advanced Numerical Experiments
Interval Arithmetic
Subtleties in Solving a Quadratic Equation
4. Complete Example Programs
Rational Arithmetic
Linear Equation Solvers
One-Dimensional Multigrid
URL: PostScript only + LaTex etc
Remark: The connection to the host machine is very slow.
A perl script, extractProgs, is also included to extract the Fortran 90
programs from the verbatim sections of the LaTeX source. See the script
for details.
Fortran 90 for the Fortran 77 Programmer (A book)
-------------------------------------------------
Authors:
Bo Einarsson
National Supercomputer Centre, University of Link鰌ing, SWEDEN
Email: boein@nsc.liu.se
WWW: http://www.nsc.liu.se/~boein/
Yurij I Shokin,
Institute of Computational Technologies,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, RUSSIA
Email: shokin@adm.ict.nsc.ru
Format: HTML, Available as:
o Compressed ZIP-file
o Compressed tar-file
o Self-extracting Macintosh archive (SEA)
o From a diskette on Windows 3.x
o Printed
Size:
The book contains 18 chapters and 13 appendices, is about 400KB
in compressed form, and expands to about 750KB in 106 files.
URL: Click here
The authors define their aim in the following words:
This tutorial is written in order to ease the transition from the very
common and popular programming language Fortran 77 to the more modern
Fortran 90. This transition uses the fact that Fortran 77 is a pure
subset of Fortran 90.
The book contains a lot of interesting information on Fortran 90,
and Fortran in general.
Manchester Fortran 90 for Fortran 77 programmers course
-------------------------------------------------------
Authors:
Manchester and North High Performance Computing Training & Education
Centre (MAN-T&EC) using the Manchester Computing Centre (MCC) Fortran
90 course as a basis.
Format:
Mostly PostScript compressed by standard UNIX compress
Size: see below
URL: Click here
Mirror at Karlsruhe U.
Options:
o World Wide Web based Resource list in HTML format (1.7 kbytes)
o Course syllabus in compressed PostScript format, either A4 (24.9
kbytes) or US Letter (43.0 kbytes)
o An example timetable for a 3 day course
o Student notes in compressed PostScript format, either A4 (252.5
kbytes) or US Letter (250.9 kbytes)
o Overhead masters in compressed PostScript format, either A4 (180.5
kbytes) or US Letter (180.8 kbytes)
o Speaker notes for overheads in compressed PostScript format,
either A4 (214.6 kbytes) or US Letter (214.7 kbytes)
o Overhead overviews for students in compressed PostScript format A4
(180.6 kbytes) or US Letter (179.7 kbytes)
o List of example programs and solutions to exercises in compressed
PostScript Format A4 (166.2 kbytes) or US Letter (166.1 kbytes)
o Source code of example programs and exercises in compressed tar
file format (69.1 kbytes)
More info: Andrew Grant (inoperative link?)
The Liverpool Fortran 90 Courses
--------------------------------
Authors:
Format:
o An interactive HTML/Java document
o Traditional OHP slides plus Notes package
Size: course dependent
URL: Click here
Uncompressed
Options:
o Comprehensive Interactive HTML / Java Course Modular Programming
with Fortran 90 is designed for the those with programming
experience in a high-level language who wish to receive extensive
tuition in Fortran 90. All language features are described in
detail with the exception of some of the more obscure facets of I/O!
o The 75 minute Seminar An Overview of Fortran 90 is designed for
the those with programming experience in a high-level language
(preferably Fortran 77) who wish to be given an overview of the
key new features of Fortran 90.
o The One Day Course An Introduction to Fortran 90 is designed for
the those with programming experience in a high-level language
(preferably Fortran 77) who wish to be given a concise and
detailed overview of the key features of Fortran 90. The course is
divided into 4 x 1 hour sessions: Overview, Array Features,
Modules and Other Features.
o The Introductory Three Day Course An Introduction to Programming
with Fortran 90 is designed for the those with no previous
programming experience who wish to learn the basics of computing
using Fortran 90. (Details of local compilers and editors are
needed to supplement this course.) The most useful language
constructs are covered and at the end of the course attendees
should be able to write fairly complex programs. Each day is
divided into two 3 hour sessions: 1 hour lecture, 2 hours
practical. The course therefore divided into 6 x 1 hour sessions:
Fundamentals Of Computer Programming, Introduction to Fortran 90,
Control Constructs and Intrinsics, Arrays, Procedures and Modules
and Derived Types. Most intrinsic procedures are covered when
appropriate.
o The Three Day Course Programming in Fortran 90 is designed for the
those with programming experience in a high-level language who
wish to be primed in the Fortran 90 language. The most useful
language constructs are covered in detail and virtually all
features are described to some degree. Each day is divided into
two 3 hour sessions: 1 hour lecture, 2 hours practical. The course
therefore divided into 6 x 1 hour sessions: Introduction, Control
Constructs and Intrinsics, Arrays, Procedures, Modules and Derived
Types and Object-based Programming (Modules). Most intrinsic
procedures are covered when appropriate.
o The Advanced Three Day Course Fortran 90 for Fortran 77
Programmers is designed for the those with programming experience
in Fortran 77 who wish to receive an all-round knowledge of
Fortran 90. A detailed description is given of most language
features. All topics are described to some degree. Each day is
divided into two 3 hour sessions: 1 hour lecture, 2 hours
practical. The course therefore is divided into 6 x 1 hour
sessions: Overview, Objects and Expressions, Control Constructs
and More Expressions, Arrays and Procedures, Procedures and
Modules, Pointers and Derived Types and Object-based Programming
(Modules), Intrinsic procedures are covered when appropriate.
o The Five Day Course Fortran 90 for Programmers is designed for the
those with programming experience in a high-level language who
wish to receive extensive tuition in Fortran 90. All language
features are described in detail with the exception of some of the
more obscure facets of I/O! Each day is divided into two 3 hour
sessions: 1 hour lecture, 2 hours practical. The course therefore
is divided into 10 x 1 hour sessions: Introduction, Elements of
Fortran 90 (Expressions and Assignment,), Control Constructs,
Intrinsics and Basic I/O, Arrays, Procedures, More Procedures,
Pointers and Derived Types, Modules and Object-based Programming,
Parameterised Data Types and I/O and Odds and Ends (Fortran 95
and HPF). Intrinsic procedures are covered when appropriate.
A much more important factor in the social movement than those already mentioned was the ever-increasing influence of women. This probably stood at the lowest point to which it has ever fallen, during the classic age of Greek life and thought. In the history of Thucydides, so far as it forms a connected series of events, four times only during a period of nearly seventy years does a woman cross the scene. In each instance her apparition only lasts for a moment. In three of the four instances she is a queen or a princess, and belongs either to the half-barbarous kingdoms of northern Hellas or to wholly barbarous Thrace. In the one remaining instance208— that of the woman who helps some of the trapped Thebans to make their escape from Plataea—while her deed of mercy will live for ever, her name is for ever lost.319 But no sooner did philosophy abandon physics for ethics and religion than the importance of those subjects to women was perceived, first by Socrates, and after him by Xenophon and Plato. Women are said to have attended Plato’s lectures disguised as men. Women formed part of the circle which gathered round Epicurus in his suburban retreat. Others aspired not only to learn but to teach. Arêtê, the daughter of Aristippus, handed on the Cyrenaic doctrine to her son, the younger Aristippus. Hipparchia, the wife of Crates the Cynic, earned a place among the representatives of his school. But all these were exceptions; some of them belonged to the class of Hetaerae; and philosophy, although it might address itself to them, remained unaffected by their influence. The case was widely different in Rome, where women were far more highly honoured than in Greece;320 and even if the prominent part assigned to them in the legendary history of the city be a proof, among others, of its untrustworthiness, still that such stories should be thought worth inventing and preserving is an indirect proof of the extent to which feminine influence prevailed. With the loss of political liberty, their importance, as always happens at such a conjuncture, was considerably increased. Under a personal government there is far more scope for intrigue than where law is king; and as intriguers women are at least the209 equals of men. Moreover, they profited fully by the levelling tendencies of the age. One great service of the imperial jurisconsults was to remove some of the disabilities under which women formerly suffered. According to the old law, they were placed under male guardianship through their whole life, but this restraint was first reduced to a legal fiction by compelling the guardian to do what they wished, and at last it was entirely abolished. Their powers both of inheritance and bequest were extended; they frequently possessed immense wealth; and their wealth was sometimes expended for purposes of public munificence. Their social freedom seems to have been unlimited, and they formed combinations among themselves which probably served to increase their general influence.321 The old religions of Greece and Italy were essentially oracular. While inculcating the existence of supernatural beings, and prescribing the modes according to which such beings were to be worshipped, they paid most attention to the interpretation of the signs by which either future events in general, or the consequences of particular actions, were supposed to be divinely revealed. Of these intimations, some were given to the whole world, so that he who ran might read, others were reserved for certain favoured localities, and only communicated through the appointed ministers of the god. The Delphic oracle in particular enjoyed an enormous reputation both among Greeks and barbarians for guidance afforded under the latter conditions; and during a considerable period it may even be said to have directed the course of Hellenic civilisation. It was also under this form that supernatural religion suffered most injury from the great intellectual movement which followed the Persian wars. Men who had learned to study the constant sequences of Nature for themselves, and to shape their conduct according to fixed principles of prudence or of justice, either thought it irreverent to trouble the god about questions on which they were competent to form an opinion for themselves, or did not choose to place a well-considered scheme at the mercy of his possibly interested responses. That such a revolution occurred about the middle of the fifth century B.C., seems proved by the great change of tone in reference to this subject which one perceives on passing from Aeschylus to Sophocles. That anyone should question the veracity of an oracle is a supposition which never crosses the mind of the elder dramatist. A knowledge of augury counts among the greatest benefits222 conferred by Prometheus on mankind, and the Titan brings Zeus himself to terms by his acquaintance with the secrets of destiny. Sophocles, on the other hand, evidently has to deal with a sceptical generation, despising prophecies and needing to be warned of the fearful consequences brought about by neglecting their injunctions. The stranger had a pleasant, round face, with eyes that twinkled in spite of the creases around them that showed worry. No wonder he was worried, Sandy thought: having deserted the craft they had foiled in its attempt to get the gems, the man had returned from some short foray to discover his craft replaced by another. “Thanks,” Dick retorted, without smiling. When they reached him, in the dying glow of the flashlight Dick trained on a body lying in a heap, they identified the man who had been warned by his gypsy fortune teller to “look out for a hidden enemy.” He was lying at full length in the mould and leaves. "But that is sport," she answered carelessly. On the retirement of Townshend, Walpole reigned supreme and without a rival in the Cabinet. Henry Pelham was made Secretary at War; Compton Earl of Wilmington Privy Seal. He left foreign affairs chiefly to Stanhope, now Lord Harrington, and to the Duke of Newcastle, impressing on them by all means to avoid quarrels with foreign Powers, and maintain the blessings of peace. With all the faults of Walpole, this was the praise of his political system, which system, on the meeting of Parliament in the spring of 1731, was violently attacked by Wyndham and Pulteney, on the plea that we were making ruinous treaties, and sacrificing British interests, in order to benefit Hanover, the eternal millstone round the neck of England. Pulteney and Bolingbroke carried the same attack into the pages of The Craftsman, but they failed to move Walpole, or to shake his power. The English Government, instead of treating Wilkes with a dignified indifference, was weak enough to show how deeply it was touched by him, dismissed him from his commission of Colonel of the Buckinghamshire Militia, and treated Lord Temple as an abettor of his, by depriving him of the Lord-Lieutenancy of the same county, and striking his name from the list of Privy Councillors, giving the Lord-Lieutenancy to Dashwood, now Lord Le Despencer. "I tell you what I'll do," said the Deacon, after a little consideration. "I feel as if both Si and you kin stand a little more'n you had yesterday. I'll cook two to-day. We'll send a big cupful over to Capt. McGillicuddy. That'll leave us two for to-morrer. After that we'll have to trust to Providence." "Indeed you won't," said the Surgeon decisively. "You'll go straight home, and stay there until you are well. You won't be fit for duty for at least a month yet, if then. If you went out into camp now you would have a relapse, and be dead inside of a week. The country between here and Chattanooga is dotted with the graves of men who have been sent back to the front too soon." "Adone do wud that—though you sound more as if you wur in a black temper wud me than as if you pitied me." "Wot about this gal he's married?" "Don't come any further." "Davy, it 'ud be cruel of us to go and leave him." "Insolent priest!" interrupted De Boteler, "do you dare to justify what you have done? Now, by my faith, if you had with proper humility acknowledged your fault and sued for pardon—pardon you should have had. But now, you leave this castle instantly. I will teach you that De Boteler will yet be master of his own house, and his own vassals. And here I swear (and the baron of Sudley uttered an imprecation) that, for your meddling knavery, no priest or monk shall ever again abide here. If the varlets want to shrieve, they can go to the Abbey; and if they want to hear mass, a priest can come from Winchcombe. But never shall another of your meddling fraternity abide at Sudley while Roland de Boteler is its lord." "My lord," said Edith, in her defence, "this woman has sworn falsely. The medicine I gave was a sovereign remedy, if given as I ordered. Ten drops would have saved the child's life; but the contents of the phial destroyed it. The words I uttered were prayers for the life of the child. My children, and all who know me, can bear witness that I have a custom of asking His blessing upon all I take in hand. I raised my eyes towards heaven, and muttered words; but, my lord, they were words of prayer—and I looked up as I prayed, to the footstool of the Lord. But it is in vain to contend: the malice of the wicked will triumph, and Edith Holgrave, who even in thought never harmed one of God's creatures, must be sacrificed to cover the guilt, or hide the thoughtlessness of another." "Aye, Sir Treasurer, thou hast reason to sink thy head! Thy odious poll-tax has mingled vengeance—nay, blood—with the cry of the bond." HoME古一级毛片免费观看
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